Зовнішні аспекти енергетичної політики України

Энергетическая безопасность вышла за рамки экономики и находится на пересечении экономики и политики, а также значительным образом влияет на формирование и реализацию внешней политики государства; энергетическая безопасность сегодня составляет отдельный объект анализа. Энергетический фактор интенсифицирует сотрудничество между госсударствами и стимулирует региональное сотрудничество.

Доказано, что Украина не играет активной роли на европейском энергетическом пространстве, она самостятельно не решает энергетические вопросы. Международные акторы, такие как Россия, США и страны ЕС, влияют на энергетическую политику Украины императивно, определяя ее внешнюю политику.

Ключевые слова: энергетическая политика Украины, энергетическая безопасность, энергетическая стратегия России, энергетическая политика Европы, нефть и газ, транзитная система Украины, Одесса-Броды.

Yenko E. External aspects of energy policy of Ukraine. - Typescript.

Thesis for the Ph.D. in Political Science, specialty 23.00.04. - Political Problems of International Systems and Global Development. - Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Institute of International Relations, Kyiv, 2008.

Dissertation is dedicated to the problem of forming energy policy of Ukraine and guaranteeing of energy security in close connection with tasks and objectives that faces foreign policy of Ukraine. Special attention in the thesis was devoted to European vector of energy policy of Ukraine because of desire of Ukrainian politicians to become part of European community. Energy security has overcome its economic limits and now is convergent with politics. It also strongly influences the formation and implementation of the foreign policy of a state; it became a separate object of analysis. Energy security of Ukraine suggests achieving the status when the economy and social sector of the state have a reliable, stable, economically efficient and environmentally safe supply of energy resources, and creating conditions for formulation and implementation of policy protecting national interests in the energy sector.

Energy security is a priority for the governments of many countries and increasingly plays a central role in the relations of Ukraine with foreign governments. Because global reserves of oil and natural gas are concentrated in a small number of countries, competition between governments for access to oil and natural gas reserves can lead to economic, political and armed conflict. Access to these oil and natural gas supplies depends on political will of these producing states. That is why oil and natural gas exporting states receive dramatically increased revenues due to high global prices, enhancing the ability of some of these states to act in a manner threatening not only to the regional security but also to global security as well.

Energy factor intensifies cooperation between states and stimulates regional cooperation; in its turn, intensification of ties on political, energy, trade, security and other issues determines the membership of one or other state in different regional formations. It is proven that Ukraine does not play an active role in European or, even more, in global energy space, it does not solve problems independently. International actors, e.g. Russia, the United States, European Union countries, influence the energy policy of Ukraine in imperative way, defining Ukrainian foreign policy. Russia has not only actively developed transportation corridors around Ukraine (Yamal-Europe, North-Atlantic gas pipeline, Blue Stream-2, Samsun-Dzheihan, Novorossiisk-Burgas-Aleksandrupolis etc.), but also actively and strongly defended its national interests. As a result, Ukraine remains in an energy blockade and has significantly lost the political and economic value for the Western countries. So, it is important for Ukraine to strengthen cooperation in the Black Sea and Caspian regions, to form closer relations with the Middle East region`s countries in the spheres of oil and gas prospecting, energy recourses` exploration, building energy transit routes etc. Due to the developed energy infrastructure Ukraine has an important factor of realization of its considerable and advantageous geostrategic potential and can increase its role in the international energy process. As a strategic transit route of West-European petroleum and gas supply, Ukraine can become a center for the regulation of regional geopolitical concerns. It has opportunities to regulate oil and gas flows from the Middle East and Caspian region to Europe. Thus it will have an influence over the geopolitical balance of the entire Eurasian region. Ukraine is interested both in the creation of favorable conditions for the transportation of raw materials through its territory and in the development of alternative routes of their transportation. Realization of projects that are to provide for Ukraine the participation in formation of international energy networks, in particular, in transporting Caspian power-resources to the domestic and European markets is of special significance. Moreover, special attention should be paid to making energy policy of Ukraine compatible with the principles of the European Energy Charter and harmonizing regulatory and legislative framework, using existing and looking for new opportunities for cooperation, on a mutually beneficial basis, with energy suppliers and consumers, forming a situation of systematic interdependency between them and Ukraine. Difficult and large-scale tasks are connected with the modernization of management of the energy sector which will give the opportunity to deepen compatibility with the energy sector of the EU countries.

Key words: energy policy of Ukraine, energy security, energy strategy of Russia, European energy policy, oil and gas, transit system of Ukraine, Odessa-Brody.

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