Material, medical and social security of inspectorates of the customs guard of the directorate of duties in Lviv (the mid-1920s)

In addition to the regular weapon prescribed by the instructions, customs officers were allowed to use personal weapon. Thus, on January 20, 1926, the Sniatyn elders granted permission to Mechyslaw Barow, an employee of the customs guard inspectorate, to possess own weapon of the “Steyer” system, caliber 8 mm while on duty and to use in exceptional cases, such as when searching homes. On February 22, 1926, the administrative department of the border protection department of the Customs Directorate in Lviv reported on the weapon and bullets allowed for official use, it was about the personal firearms of the customs officers, which received the status of regular. In particular, the guards of the customs guard of the inspectorate in Auschwitz were allowed to use such personal weapon for official purposes. Stanislaw Bojak owned weapon of the “Parabelun” system (number 3512, caliber 8.65 mm), Marcyn Mroz - “Brewete” (number 13416, caliber 7.35 mm), Jozef Gabryszczak - “Schmeisefi' (number 777709, caliber 6.35 mm), Franciszek Turaszczyk - “Bulldog” (number 11138, caliber 7.35 mm) (CSHAUL, f. 162, d. 1, c. 82, p. 31). The inspectorate of the customs guard in Sniatyn allowed Roman Duzhakow to use a personal short-barreled firearm of the Browning Belgian “Browning belgijski” system (number 11297, caliber 6.75 mm) (CSHAUL, f. 162, d. 1, c. 82, p. 34a).

Based on the reports of the customs inspectorates, it is known that some customs officers used their own dogs for official purposes. The Directorate of Customs in Lviv recommended that customs officers learn the rules of training and use of dogs in the service. It was recommended to purchase the brochure “How to Use Police Dogs” by K. Grimm, the Commissioner of the State Police, Chief of the Department of Breeding and Training of Police Dogs of the Main Police Command at the price of 1.80 zl. without the cost of delivery. The mentioned brochure could be purchased at the House of Polish Books in Warsaw or in Lviv (“Book of Gubrinovycz”). In addition, the training of dogs is presented in the brochure “Training of Police Dogs” by Ja. Gajewski in more detail (2.50 zl.) (CSHAUL, f. 162, d. 1, c. 82, p. 22a). It is known that on February 12, 1926, in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Finance, the one-day amount for the maintenance of a service dog was 0.50 zl. - for food, fuel for its preparation and litter. Treatment costs were paid separately, the invoices sent were taken into account (CSHAUL, f. 162, d. 1, c. 82, p. 27a).

The Conclusion

The peculiarities of a material security of the employees of the customs authorities have been analysed. It was noted that uniforms were primarily allocated to lower- ranking customs officers. They had the opportunity to additionally purchase individual components of the uniform with their own funds or buy them back after deregistration. Problems with the provision of uniforms arose among the lower officials of the customs guard inspectorates, due to insufficient funding from the Ministry of Finance, which limited the costs of their maintenance by means of instructions. The authorities tried to overcome it, however, it was not possible to solve it completely during the period under analysis. Instead, in Lviv senior officials of the customs guard inspectorates of the Directorate of Customs received allowances for uniforms and additional payments for its additions in the amount established by legislation systematically. Savings of money related not only to clerical needs, but also to the use of the ban on purchase of new tires for official bicycles of the customs guard.

The issue of “occupational” diseases, medical and social security, and abuses related to obtaining paid vacations based on medical certificates have been covered. There was some abuse in the case of receiving two, three, or five weeks or six weeks of a paid medical leave. The inspectors of the customs guard sent such people to the doctors of state clinics to confirm the diagnosis of the disease with the corresponding conclusion. On this basis, the issuance of a certificate of incapacity for work was determined by a separate inspectorate of the customs guard. First of all, this is related to the replacement of duties by other employees. In addition to temporary suspension from official duties through disciplinary sanctions, customs officers were subject to financial sanctions, such as: refusal to increase the financial support by 44 points, paid leave due to health conditions, bonus in the amount of three months' salary, transfer to another place of service at the expense of own funds, etc. Often, transfer to another place of service was a punishment for committed offenses, non-compliance by customs guards with the provisions of the statute, violations of safety equipment, etc. Despite the need to replenish the staff list of customs guards, the circulars of the Ministry of Finance recommended that all promotions to higher ranks and acceptance of new officials be suspended.

The development of the system of customs authorities required the construction of a certain infrastructure for the needs of the customs inspectorates, but the Ministry of Finance, considering the insufficient amount of funds, recommended to complete the repair of the premises built in 1925, to refrain from negotiations regarding the acquisition of land plots necessary for construction.

The issues of non-compliance by the customs guards with the provisions of the statute, quality maintenance of standard weapons, control over the use of ammunition, arbitrary abandonment of the place of duty, assistance to smugglers to cross the border illegally and transport alcohol have been highlighted. The Directorate of Customs in Lviv introduced special registration cards for the purpose of identifying weapons and ammunition for them, which were owned by customs officers. The account required its careful filling with the obligatory signature of a person who received a serviceable official weapon for use. In case of the carbines being returned to storage, as a result of the dismissal of an official from the service or his transfer to another customs office, the fact of the weapons being returned to storage was noted in the registration card. In some cases, customs guards were allowed to use personal firearms and their own dogs for official purposes.

Prospects for further research of the issue under analysis are determined by its analysis to identify the main trends related to the functioning of the Directorate of Customs in Lviv during the first half of the 1920s.

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