The nuances of the organizational preparation the electrification of the Kharkiv plant of the Russian Locomotive-building and Mechanical Society (1895-1896)

Discussion

The statements given in the presented material are largely based on assumptions, which is due both to the small number of documents that have survived today in Ukraine regarding the issue under consideration, and the practice of verbal agreements inherent in business on the most confidential aspects of partnerships. However, all the assumptions are made on the basis of the imperatives of the theory and practice of mechanical engineering technology, as well as the theoretical foundations of electrical engineering, applied in accordance with the principles of historicism, which allows us to consider the presented historical picture of the organization of the preparation of the KhLP electrification process at the stage of creating the plant as an objective picture at a whole. At the same time, the authors admit the possibility of further identification of additional historical facts that specify the role of individual individuals or legal entities in solving the issue considered in this article - both already known and newly established. Also, taking into account the volume and geography of the corresponding correspondence of the JSC RLMS, the authors do not exclude the entry into scientific circulation of new documents on the topic they studied. However, the probability that the information contained in these documents in its general meaning will contradict the already established one remains extremely low, if only because of the limits of the semantic variability of the information necessary for JSC RLMS on the organizational preparation of the KhLP electrification process, which have already been finally clarified, and examples filling in the information field in which are already given.

Conclusions

The electrification of the KhLP became a significant event that determined the further path of development of the industry not only in the Ukrainian territories of Tsarist Russia, and not only in the empire as a whole, but also in Ukraine and the Soviet Union, because that choice of the scheme for organizing production processes, which was made due to objective and subjective circumstances in its implementation has been made for the first time within the territorial boundaries under consideration, and subsequently was used massively and constantly [albeit with varying degrees of success], despite the changes in socio-economic relations and political-social structures that took place within them. Thus, the experience of electrification of the KhLP is successful, which, considering it as a major innovative event, allows us to once again be convinced of the unambiguous effectiveness of such events only when they are carried out simultaneously with the introduction of a set of other innovations that make it possible to use the most of the advantages to be acquired. At the same time, the organizational preparation for the electrification of KhLP had certain nuances that led to both positive and negative consequences for the further operation of the enterprise, including in terms of establishing the practice of making compromise decisions by the relevant management on issues that were controversial only due to technical incompetence leading staff. Thus, due to lobbying by one part of the Board members of the JSC RLMS of the interests of only one participant in the tender for the electrification of KhLP - Siemens & Halske and the technical incompetence of its other part, the applied electrification scheme of the enterprise under study turned out to be not the cheapest in execution and obsolete already at the time implementation, which later led to its radical alteration at an already operating plant. However, on the other hand, cooperation between JSC RLMS and Siemens & Halske has become one of the factors contributing to the development of the electrical industry in the country, moreover, on the basis of scientific and technical experience and material resources of one of the world's best manufacturers of electrical equipment. In addition, this manifestation of the “protectionist policy” served as o ne of the brightest examples for other leading world manufacturers of electrical engineering in terms of demonstrating the opportunities that open up for them in the market of the Russian Empire if enterprises of the corresponding profile are organized in it.

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Ігор Аннєнков

Національна наукова сільськогосподарська бібліотека Національної академії аграрних наук України, Україна

Наталія Аннєнкова

Анотація. Перехід до електромеханічного приводу устаткування став новою віхою в індустріалізації, що привела до значного: зростання продуктивності праці та зниження енергоємності виробничих процесів. Але на українських землях Російської імперії дана інновація до середини 1890-хроків не впроваджувалася, і лише саме з того часу процес електрифікації виробництва на українських підприємствах отримав свій розвиток, проте при цьому на них зберігався й паромеханічний привод обладнання. Харківський завод Акціонерного товариства «Російське паровозобудівне і механічне товариство» став першим підприємством не лише в українських губерніях Російської імперії, але й у всій країні, на якому було застосовано виключно електромеханічний привод усього устаткування. Зважаючи на даний пріоритет, організаційна підготовка процесу електрифікації цього підприємства також стала першим у країні досвідом впровадження такої інновації, порівняний бодай лише з досвідом переходу з механічного на паромеханічний привод, який, однак, у Російській імперії не був досліджений. При цьому, рівень технічної компетенції частини керівництва Акціонерного товариства «Російське паровозобудівне і механічне товариство» був недостатньо високим для того, щоб надавати адекватну техніко-економічну оцінку відповідним інноваціям. Через це організаційна підготовка електрифікації Харківського заводу означеного Товариства проводилася без яких-небудь чітких методологічних підходів, яка у дискусії щодо схеми електрифікації підприємства привела до заміни питання вибору оптимального варіанту з ефективних питанням вибору оптимального з дешевих. В результаті, експертами Товариства було розроблено технічне завдання на компромісний варіант проєкту електрифікації, суть якого полягала у встановленні відносно нового за технічним рівнем електрообладнання, що експлуатувався по вже застарілій схемі, це робило даний варіант електрифікації ані ефективним ані дешевим, але політично проблемним для усього керівництва Товариства. Досягти очікуваної вигоди від електрифікації заводу в результаті вдалося не від запровадження обраної схеми її проведення, а шляхом укладання стратегічних домовленостей із компанією Siemens & Halske, згідно з якими Правління Товариства забезпечило їй перемогу в конкурсі на електрифікацію свого підприємства за прийнятною ціною, а Siemens & Halske, в свою чергу, в подальшому постачало свою продукцію із значними знижками.

Ключові слова: електропривод; електромеханіка; індустріалізація; інновації; машинобудування; виробничі процеси

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