Leisure on the Chinese Eastern Railway: Yacht club and racecourse as "other spaces" of Harbin

Analysis of the frontier theory by Fr.D. Turner and found elsewhere by M. Foucault. Features of "other" territories created by public railway workers in Northern Manchuria in the 19th-20th centuries. Exclusion of income organization problems in Harbin.

Рубрика История и исторические личности
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Язык английский
Дата добавления 17.04.2022
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The yacht club and the racecourse are heterotopic spaces because the ideas of modeling these places were borrowed from Russian, Chinese, British, American and other cultures. Any heterotopy implies the presence and concentration of a plurality of cultures in one place. As a rule, heterotopy can appear in any culture.

The spaces of the racecourse and the yacht club have clearly functioned as recreational spaces in the process of building and developing Harbin society for several decades. Despite the variability of leisure spaces in public discourse, a number of functions are assigned to these spaces in any society in different eras. In the process of this study, I have identified three functions: communicative, reactive, and competitive. The racecourse and the yacht club were clearly “other spaces” in relation to the ordinary leisure establishments of Harbin, but these two spaces were interconnected with other locations of the city - streets, the waterfront, apartment buildings, etc. They formed a completely different city and urban life, which in the first half of the twentieth century differed significantly from everyday life in Russian and Chinese cities.

For many years the yacht club was perceived by Harbin residents and tourists as the best place for recreation. It combined several spaces - shore, beach, promenade, Sungari River, veranda, garden, restaurant, sports grounds, etc. The racecourse space though it was created primarily for spectacles also included many different spaces. In turn, these interior spaces also incorporated many different spaces: entrances and exits, stairs, paths, shrub alleys, kiosks, dressing rooms, seating areas, kitchens, cashiers, sailing piers, parking lots, yachts, boats, courts, stables, observation decks, and many more.

In leisure spaces, as in many others, time is very regulated. Heterochrony in these places will differ depending on the function of the space, cultural characteristics, frontier situation, seasonal cyclicality, decisions of the ruling elites, and many others.

The Yacht Club was primarily an open space for the entire population of Harbin - the waterfront and beach were accessible to all. The yacht club's restaurant also suggested openness, but offered a limited number of seats. There were no bans on entering these spaces. Both the Yacht Club and the racecourse had spaces that suggested accommodation for the elite. The racecourse was positioned more as an enclosed space with strict rules - the access to the field was limited, the grandstands were strictly organized. As a rule, the river was an open space, while the racecourse was a confined and closed place.

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