Суспільно-політичні зміни в українському селі у контексті формування комуністичної системи (1917–1933 рік)

Маркова С. В. Общественно-политические изменения в украинском селе в контексте формирования коммунистической системы (1917-1933 гг.). - На правах рукописи.

Диссертация на соискание ученой степени доктора исторических наук по специальности 07.00.01. - История Украины. - Черновицкий национальный университет имени Юрия Федьковича, Черновцы, 2016.

В диссертации анализируются общественно-политические изменения в украинском селе в контексте формирования коммунистической системы (1917-1933 гг.). Исследована степень научного изучения проблемы, охарактеризованы источники и теоретико-методологические основы работы. Выяснены особенности землепользования, динамика изменений социальной структуры, организационные формы самоуправления крестьян в условиях активизации общественно-политической жизни; охарактеризованы особенности влияния ВКП (б)-КП (б) на формирование организационно-правовых основ местных органов власти, последствия процесса коллективизации; проанализированы демографические изменения, факторы формирования “нового человека” их последствия, механизмы решения “гендерного вопроса”, становление образовательно-воспитательной системы, ее основные противоречия.

Ключевые слова: крестьяне, парагражданское крестьянское общество, коммунизм, огосударствление, “новый человек”.

Summary

Markova S. V. Socio-Political Changes in the Ukrainian Village in the Context of the Communist System (1917-1933 s). - Manuscript.

Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences in specialty 07.00.01 - History of Ukraine. - Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, 2016.

The thesis analyzes the social and political changes in the Ukrainian village in the context of the communist system (1917-1933s). The degree of scientific study of the problem is described source base and theoretical and methodological principles of work are characterized.

The peculiarities of Ukrainian landowning and land use in the early XXth are found out considering the features of the national character; the dynamics of changes in the social structure of the Ukrainian village as of 1920 is defined; organizational forms of self-government of Ukrainian peasants in conditions of intensification of political life and agrarian reforms during the liberation struggle are determined (analyzes the basic organizational forms of self-government of Ukrainian peasants, rural community, meeting, public meeting, peasant associations, “communal work” in the context of the paracivil peasant society formation that existed before the establishment of the communist regime in Ukraine); basic positions of the “peasant question” in the discussions of the Bolsheviks is structured; the peculiarities of the influence of the CPSU-CP(b)U on the formation of institutional and legal framework of the local government are characterized, in particular through elections and re-elections, and the characteristics of the activity of “managed people's democracy” (village councils komnezams, mutual societies) are defined; the forms and methods of economic policy of Soviet power in the Ukrainian village, their impact on the socio-class structure of the rural population, the rural economy, the daily lives of peasants are clarified; the consequences of the collectivization process that led to the destruction of the economic basis of the paracivil peasant society are analyzed; the analysis of socio-demographic structure of the Ukrainian village is made to detect latent components of social tension that has affected natural population growth, fertility, mortality, marriage; the factors of “new man” in the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR and its effects on the expansion of the social base of Soviet power in the Ukrainian village are established; the mechanism of solving of “gender issue” is highlighted that provided a new gender identity of men and women in the Soviet socioeconomic everyday village; formation of educational and pedagogical system in the Ukrainian SSR, its contradictions in terms of the process of indoctrination of the minds of youth and children, in particular, the formation of collective consciousness and behavior as one of the main factors of legitimating and support of the communist government is considered. The dissertation deals with some aspects of nationalization of society in the Soviet Union, the USSR, the consequence is the emergence of a “new man” devoid of doubt that only the leading political force could be the mouthpiece of the public welfare.

During the 1917-1933s the Ukrainian village was the subject of socio-political and ideological influence, a source of industrialization and collectivization. Establishing a common ideology of Marxism-Leninism, the one-party system, the dominance of bureaucracy, destruction of the private property, the lack of civil liberties, led to changes in the psychosocial culture of the Ukrainian village. The formation of the communist system prevented the transformation of Ukrainian peasant paracivil society into the civil one, led to the separation of Ukraine from the European model of political and economic development, mothballed the emergence of civil society in Ukraine for many years.

Keywords: peasants, paracivil peasant society, communism, nationalization, the “new man”.

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