Дипломатичні представництва Української Народної Республіки в країнах Центральної Європи за доби Директорії (1918-1920 рр.)

In a thesis , that a main problem Ukrainian diplomatic in the states of the Central European region was neutralising, on how many it was possible, those negative consequences, which had for Ukraine the non-recognition of its independence by leading countries Antanta. The rate of the leaders of the states - "uniform and indivisible" Russia in international policy has reduced Ukraine in actual isolation from world community and has delivered before it by diplomatic representations a problem of break of blockade of Ukraine and installation of the comprehensive attitudes with the states of Europe and world. The activity Ukrainian diplomatic was directed, first of all on search both separate partners, and groups of the states, which could promote the young Ukrainian state in struggle for independence.

To the Ukrainian representations in the states of the Central European region, as to a diplomatic service as a whole, it was necessary to work in extremely complicated conditions. Often changes of a political situation in Ukraine to accompany by a sharp diminution of territory, where there was an authority of the Directory, negatively had an effect for activity it of representations abroad. To this it is necessary to add absence of a constant and reliable communication with governmental centre, that quite often called not agreed pitches harming to nation-wide interests. The essential harm to prestige of Ukraine on international arena has plotted absence of uniform Ukrainian representation after junction of the Ukrainian People's Republic with western area.

Ukrainian diplomatic in the states of Central Europe has realised significant work with the purpose of installation with them of cooperation in political, economic, trade, military, scientific and cultural orbs.

The important significance was acquired by activity connected to organisation of returning of the people from a film in Ukraine. Just in the states of the Central European region tens thousands in a film of the Ukrainian people have concentrated which frequently were in very difficult conditions and required granting by it of the material, medical and humanitarian help. Besides the diplomatic representations had to counteract the representatives of russian and Polish armies, which tried to involve in the parts maximal Ukrainian people, which were in a film.

Main problem of a consular service was the right protection of the citizens of Ukraine, which for the different reasons have appeared abroad, and also granting by him of the material help. In parallel consular offices order trade and economic negotiations with the states, with which Ukraine had the trade agreements.

The information activity Ukrainian diplomatic on international arena was directed on overcoming of information vacuum, which was created round Ukraine during it of stay in structure of the russian state. Both pre-revolutionary St. Petersburg, and soviet Moscow were guided by rushing to not suppose actualisation of the Ukrainian problem in international life, directed the gains on a false information of a world think not only about a character of historical and political life of Ukraine, but also hindered with shaping of adequate submissions about its culture, spiritual life, contribution to a world civilisation. Simultaneously, the information activity of the Ukrainian diplomatic representations abroad should be considered and as a method of prospecting activity, as it was oriented on the tax of information data's for a management UPR with the purpose of further adjustment of a political rate of Ukraine.

Ukrainian diplomatic has managed to interest the states of Europe in perspectives of foreign economic relations with the Ukrainian People's Republic, that promoted softening of voltage in a political orb.

The activity of the Ukrainian diplomatic representations in Central Europe has rendered essential influence to submissions of an european public about a character and contents Ukrainian national of struggle.

The practical of Ukrainian diplomatic representations in the spheres of commerce and economics, press-information, consular affairs, which were important components of the country - creating is being considered in this work.

Key words: diplomatic representation, Ukrainian People Republic, Directory, foreign policy.

Аннотация

Соловьева В.В. Дипломатические представительства Украинской Народной Республики в государствах Центральной Европы в период Директории (1918-1920 гг.) - Рукопись.

Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата исторических наук по специальности 07.00.01 - История Украины, Запорожский государственный университет, Запорожье 1999.

Защищается диссертация (рукопись), основные положения которой изложены в 3 научных работах. В ней впервые комплексно изучается процесс создания и деятельности дипломатических представительств Украинской Народной Республики в государствах Центральной Европы. В диссертации подчёркивается, что основной задачей украинской дипломатии в государствах центрально-европейского региона была нейтрализация, на сколько это было возможно, тех негативных последствий, которые имело для Украины непризнание её независимости ведущими странами Антанты. Ставка лидеров государств-альянтов на "единую и неделимую" Россию в международной политике привела Украину к фактической изоляции от мирового сообщества и поставила перед её дипломатическими представительствами задачу прорыва блокады Украины и установлению всесторонних отношений с государствами Европы и мира. Деятельность украинской дипломатии была направлена, прежде всего, на поиск, как отдельных партнёров, так и групп государств, которые могли содействовать молодому украинскому государству в борьбе за независимость.

В диссертации рассматривается практическая деятельность украинских дипломатических представительств в торгово-экономической, прессово-информационной, консульской сферах, работа военно-дипломатических миссий и делегаций по вопросам репатриации военнопленных украинцев. Делается вывод о том, что дипломатическая деятельность является важным компонентом государственно-творческой деятельности.

Ключевые слова: дипломатические представительства, Украинская Народная Республика, Директория, внешняя политика.

Размещено на Allbest.ru