Сучасні тенденції у розповсюдженні поля відкладень ожеледі на території України протягом 1991-2020 рр. відносно 1981-2010 рр.

Question status. Despite certain achievements in the study of the distribution of ice-frost deposits in the territory of Ukraine in the past, the task of determining the existing trends and subsequent changes in their distribution under the influence of climate change remains unresolved.

The purpose of the study was to determine the current state and features of the distribution of the field of ice deposits on the territory of Ukraine with the identification of centers of increase and decrease in the average amount of such deposits, as well as trends relative to another observation period.

Materials and methods. Data of actual instrumental observations of ice deposits at all meteorological stations of Ukraine for two periods 1991-2020 and 1981-2010 were used for processing. The main research methods were physical- statistical with the determination of the normalized values of the number of cases of such deposits and cartographic with the visualization of the results. The information obtained is not only informative, since it reflects the current trends in the distribution of one of the types of ice-frost deposits, which are adverse weather phenomena, but also allows you to plan the work of weather-dependent industries in more detail, ensuring their uninterrupted operation.

Main results. It has been established that most of the deviations of the average number of ice cases for the study period relative to the period of 1981-2010. were insignificant, but in some areas during the cold season, especially in winter, they reached higher values. values. It has been established that in January and December there is a predominance of positive deviations of the average number of ice cases in Ukraine. Most of the centers of positive deviations are based on the territory of the western region from Volyn. Rivne and Zhytomyr regions to the Carpathians, as well as in the north of the Chernihiv and Sumy regions, as well as in a number of central regions from Vinnitsa to Poltava and Dnepropetrovsk regions. Also, noticeable foci of such deviations are observed in the north and east of the Kharkiv region, as well as in the north of the Luhansk region. They are noticeable in the south of the country. In February and March, foci of negative deviations were most often encountered. The most pronounced of them were observed in the western region in the territory from the Zhytomyr region to the Carpathian region, as well as in some central regions. In February, a focus of positive deposits was discovered in the north of the Chernihiv region. In April-October, the field of ice deposits for 1991-2020. compared to 1981-2010 practically did not change. In November, an increase in the number and spatial distribution of positive deviations of the average amount of ice deposits was revealed. They were mainly distributed in the central regions from Vinnitsa to the Poltava and Dnepropetrovsk regions, as well as in the east of the Kharkiv region and the north of the Luhansk region.

Keywords: climatological standard norm, spatio-temporal distribution of ice deposits, positive and negative deviations of the average number of ice deposits.

References

1. Arzhanova N.M., Bulygina O.N., Korshunova N.N. (2018). A specialized array of data on ice-rime phenomena for climate monitoring and climate research. Proceedings of VNIIGMI-MCD, 182, 101-110. [in Russian]

2. Arzhanova N.M., Korshunova N.N. (2019). Characteristics of ice-rime phenomena on the territory of Russia under the conditions of modern climate changes. Proceedings of VNIIGMI-MCD, 184. 33-44. [in Russian]

3. Arzhanova N.M., Korshunova N.N. (2020). Monitoring of the characteristics of ice-rime deposits on the territory of Russia in the cold season of2017-2018. Proceedings of the MGO, 597, 90-103. [in Russian].

4. Annual Review: Natural Catastrophes 2002? Munich Re Group Topics, 48.

5. Buchinsky V.E. (1966). Atlas of wire icing. L., Gidrometeoizdat, 116. [in Russian]

6. Changnon S. A., Pielke R.A. Jr., Changnon D. et al. (2000). Human factors explaine the increased losses from weather and climate extremes. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 81, 3, 417-425.

7. Climate of Ukraine (1967). Ed. G.F Prihotko, A.V Tkachenko, V.N. Babichenko. L., Gidrometeoizdat, 413 [inRussian].

8. Climat of Ukraine (2003). Ed. By VM. Lipinsky, VA. Dyachuk, VM. Babichenko. K., Raevsky Publishing House, 343 [in Ukrainian].

9. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (2007). In: Contribution of working Group II to the Forth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. M. Parry, O. Canziani, J. Palutkof, et al. (eds.). New York, Cambridge University Press, 976.

10. Dranevich E.P. (1971). Ice andfrost. Formation conditions, forecast and icy zoning of the north-west of the European territory of the USSR. L., Gidrometeoizdat, 228 [in Russian].

11. Dangerous weather phenomena in Ukraine (1972). Ed. K.T. Logvinov. Proceedings of UkrNIGMI, 110, 235 [in Russian].

12. Instructions for preparing for work in the winter and organizing snow fighting on the railways, in other branches and structural divisions of Russian Railways, as well as in its subsidiaries and dependent companies (2014). Wagons and wagon facilities, 3. Moscow, Russian Railways Publishing House, 14-22 [in Russian].

13. Koshenko A.M. (1976). Particularly dangerous ice in Ukraine. Proceedings of UkrNIGMI. 1976, 134, 79-91 [in Russian].

14. Manual for short-term weather forecasts. Part II. Issue 1. European part of the USSR and Transcaucasia (1987). L., Gidrometeoizdat, 298 [in Russian].

15. Guideline on the service of forecasts and information about the necessary and spontaneous events, wait a minute. State Hydrometeorological Service (2003). Kiev. Hydrometeorological Center of Ukraine, 30 [in Ukrainian].

16. Guideline on hydrometeorological stations and posts. Vip. 3. Part I. Meteorological warning at the stations (2011). Kiev, State Hydrometeorological Service, 279 [in Ukrainian].

17. Guideline from meteorological forecast. Normative document. Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center (2019). Kiev, 35 [in Ukrainian].

18. Prevention of Hazard and Mitigation of Consequences of Natural Disasters (2006). Bul. WMO. Geneva, 993, 34.

19. Prokhorenko M.M., Raevsky A.N. (1975). Peculiarities of the distribution of ice-frozen deposits on the territory of Ukraine in abnormal winters. Meteorology, climatology and hydrology, 11, 33-37 [in Russian]

20. Pyasetskaya S.I., Grebenyuk N.P., Shcheglov O.A. (2017). The current state of the field of ice deposits on the territory of Ukraine in the winter months of 2001-2015 and the definition of trends in its spatial changes in relation to the climatological standard norm of 1961-199. Scientific Bulletin of the Kherson State University. Series geographic sciences, 7, 163-172 [in Ukrainian].

21. Pyasetskaya S.I., Grebenyuk N.P. (2018). Trends in the dissemination of cases of ice deposits on the territory of Ukraine during 1991-2015. Abstracts. Collection ofworks International conference devoted to the 100th anniversary of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine "Geographical Science and Education: From Constalation to Constructivism" on September 28-29, 2018. 100-102 [in Ukrainian].

22. Pyasetskas.I., Grebenyuk N.P. (2019). Analysis of the state of ice on the territory of Ukraine during the winter months in a modern climate (2001-2010 and 2011-2015. Materials of the second international scientific and practical conference "Impact of climatic changes to the spatial development of the territories of the Earth: consequences and ways of solving", 13- June 14, 2019, Kherson (Ukraine). Kherson: DVD "KHDAU", 2019, 152-155 http://www. ksau. kherson. ua/fdes/konferencii/2019-06-14/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1 %82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1% 96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B D%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97.pdf[in Ukrainian].

23. Pyasetskaya S.I. Grebenyuk N.P. (2020). Trends in the distribution of average number of cases of ice deposits on the territory of Ukraine at the present stage of climate change during 2011-2019 regarding 2001-2010. Theses of the III International Scientific and Practical Conference "Environmental Problems of the Environment and Rational Nature Management in the Context of Sustainable Development". 22-23 October 2020 Kherson, PVNZ "KhDAU", 528-531 [in Ukrainian].

24. Raevsky A. N. (1953). On the question of the recurrence of ice. Meteorology and Hydrology, 1, 28-31 [in Russian].

25. Raevsky A.N. (1961). Influence of relief on the distribution of ice-frost deposits. Proceedings of the OGMI, XXIII, 310 [in Russian]

26. Raevsky A.N. (1961). About distribution of ice in the territory of Ukraine. Proceedings of UkrNIGMI, 29, 50-62 [in Russian]

27. Raevsky A.N. (1961). Influence of relieffeatures on the distribution of ice deposits. Proceedings of the GGO, 122, 7580 [in Russian].

28. Raevsky A.N. (1967). To the question of the influence of the nature of the relief and forest cover on the distribution of ice-rime deposits. Meteorology, climatology and hydrology, 65, 113-117 [in Russian].

29. Raevsky A.N. (1968). To the proliferation of relief on the distribution of holestone in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Meteorology, climatology and hydrology, 3, 80-84. [in Russian].

30. Rudneva A. V. (1961). Ice and icing of wires on the territory of the USSR. L., Gidrometeoizdat, 170 [in Russian].

31. Spontaneous meteorological phenomena in Ukraine and Moldova (1991). Ed. VN. Babichenko. L., Gidrometeoizdat, 223 [in Russian].

32. Spontaneous meteorological events in the territory of Ukraine for the last twenty years (1986-2005) (2006). Ed. V M. Lipinsky, V. I. Osadchy, V. M. Babichenko. К., Nika-Center Publishing House, 311 [in Ukrainian].

33. Robenburg E., Tunstall D. and Van Bulhuis F (1996). Environmental indicators for global cooperation. Global Environment Facility, Working Paper, 11.

34. The nature of the Ukrainian SSR. Climate (1984). Ed. K.T Logvinova, M.I. Shcherbania. K., Naukova Dumka, 231 [in Russian].

35. Volevakha N.M. (1958). On the influence of orography on ice deposits. Proceedings of UkrNIGMI, 13, 82-86 [in Russian].

36. Weinberg B.P (1936). Snow, frost, hail, ice and glaciers. ONTI. M.-L., 231 [in Russian].

37. Zamorskiy A.D. (1955). Atmospheric ice. Rime, ice, snow and hail. M.-L., Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 377 [in Russian].

Размещено на Allbest.ru