ó㳺í³÷í³ îñíîâè î÷èùåííÿ òà çíåçàðàæåííÿ ñóäíîâèõ ñò³÷íèõ âîä ó ñèñòåì³ ñàí³òàðíî-åï³äåì³îëîã³÷íîãî íàãëÿäó

Ìåòîäîì ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîãî àíàëèçà ïîäòâåðæäåíà ýôôåêòèâíîñòü äâóõýòàïíîãî êîàãóëèðîâàíèÿ êîìáèíèðîâàííûõ ñòîêîâ, íåçàâèñèìî îò ñîîòíîøåíèÿ ñòî÷íî-ôàíîâûõ è ëüÿëüíûõ âîä, ÷òî ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñíîâàíèåì äëÿ ðàçðàáîòêè è óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèÿ ñîâðåìåííûõ ñóäîâûõ óñòàíîâîê î÷èñòêè è îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ñòî÷íûõ âîä.

Âïåðâûå èçó÷åí øëàì, îáðàçóþùèéñÿ ïðè îáðàáîòêå íåî÷èùåííûõ ñóäîâûõ ñòîêîâ, ïî ñàíèòàðíî-ãåëüìèíòîëîãè÷åñêèì ïîêàçàòåëÿì, â êîòîðîì âûÿâëåí ñëåäóþùèé âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ: íåìàòîä - 48,5%±3,7%, òðåìàòîä - 4,3%±0,3%, öåñòîä - 50,4%±3,1%. Ïîëó÷åííûå ðåçóëüòàòû ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò î ðåàëüíîé ýïèäåìè÷åñêîé îïàñíîñòè ñóäîâûõ ñòîêîâ è èõ îñàäêîâ.

Âïåðâûå íàó÷íî ðåãëàìåíòèðîâàí ê ïðàêòè÷åñêîìó ïðèìåíåíèþ íà ñóäàõ íåýíåðãîåìêèé ñïîñîá è óñòðîéñòâî ïî îáåççàðàæèâàíèþ ñòî÷íî-ôàíîâûõ âîä è îáðàçóþùèõñÿ îñàäêîâ âûñîêîòåìïåðàòóðíûìè âûõëîïíûìè ãàçàìè ãëàâíîãî ñóäîâîãî äâèãàòåëÿ. Âïåðâûå â îïûòàõ íà áåëûõ êðûñàõ ïîêàçàíà áèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ áåçâðåäíîñòü è âûñîêàÿ ñòåïåíü äåòîêñèêàöèè îáðàáîòàííûõ îêñèõëîðèäîì àëþìèíèÿ ñòî÷íûõ è ëüÿëüíûõ âîä ñìåøàííîãî ñîñòàâà â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ àäàïòèðîâàííîé ê ìîðñêèì óñëîâèÿì ñõåìîé èõ îáðàáîòêè.

Äëÿ âñåñòîðîííåé îöåíêè ñóäîâûõ óñòàíîâîê î÷èñòêè è îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ñòî÷íûõ âîä, íàðÿäó ñ òðàäèöèîííûìè ìåòîäàìè èññëåäîâàíèÿ, ïðè òîêñèêîëîãî-ãèãèåíè÷åñêîé èõ ðåãëàìåíòàöèè, èñïîëüçîâàíû áèîëîãè÷åñêèå êðèòåðèè îöåíêè íà òåïëîêðîâíûõ ëàáîðàòîðíûõ æèâîòíûõ.  êà÷åñòâå ïðèîðèòåòíûõ è âñïîìîãàòåëüíûõ êðèòåðèåâ ñëåäóåò èñïîëüçîâàòü ãèñòîìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèå ïîêàçàòåëè, ôàãîöèòàðíóþ àêòèâíîñòü ëåéêîöèòîâ è ïåðåêèñíûé ãåìîëèç ýðèòðîöèòîâ, à òàêæå ïðîñòåéøèå âîäíûå òåñò-îðãàíèçìû.Ïðè âîçäåéñòâèè íà ãèäðîáèîíòîâ ñòîêîâ, îáðàáîòàííûõ àêòèâàòîðàìè è ñòèìóëÿòîðàìè î÷èñòêè, óñòàíîâëåíî îòñóòñòâèå òîêñè÷íîñòè íà òåñò-îáúåêòàõ: õëîðåëëàõ, äàôíèÿõ è èíôóçîðèÿõ â 86,4%±0,8%; 77,7%±0,7%; 65,8%±0,5% îáðàçöîâ, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.

Ðàçðàáîòàíû è àäàïòèðîâàíû ê ñóäîâûì óñòàíîâêàì áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî è ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêîãî ïðèíöèïîâ äåéñòâèÿ: à) óñòðîéñòâî íåïðåðûâíîãî êîíòðîëÿ çà ñîñòîÿíèåì ìèêðîôëîðû àýðîòåíêà (À.Ñ. 1479034); á) ýêñïðåññ - ìåòîä îðèåíòèðîâî÷íîãî îïðåäåëåíèÿ ãèãèåíè÷åñêè ðåãëàìåíòèðîâàííûõ ïîêàçàòåëåé äëÿ ãèãèåíè÷åñêîé îöåíêè «âûõîäíîãî» ñòîêà íà áîðòó ñóäíà ïðè îñóùåñòâëåíèè ñàíèòàðíî-êàðàíòèííîãî êîíòðîëÿ çà ñóäàìè â ñèñòåìå ñàíèòàðíî-ýïèäåìèîëîãè÷åñêîãî íàäçîðà â Óêðàèíå.

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ñòî÷íî-ôàíîâûå âîäû, ëüÿëüíûå âîäû, ñóäîâûå êîìïàêòíûå óñòàíîâêè, ìåòîäû êîíòðîëÿ, ñïîñîáû è ñðåäñòâà î÷èñòêè è îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ.

Kucherenko Ì.P. Hygienic grounds of cleaning and disinfection of ship sewages in the system of sanitary and epidemiological supervision. - A manuscript.

Dissertation for the candidate of medical sciences degree in speciality 14.02.01 - Hygiene and occupational pathology. - M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University Ministry of Public Health, Ukraine, Donetsk, 2010.

The presented work is devoted to scientific and practical researches, including the study of the sources and character of marine environment contaminations by ship sewages, hygienical ground of mechanism of reazidum of active silt under the act of biological activators of the sewage water treatment in the estimation of their detoxication on aquatic lives, optimization of the physical and chemical treatment process of the ship sewages by the basic aluminium chlorides, use of new methods and technological decisions of the combined treatment of the ship flows and their sediments in the sanitary and epidemiology safety aspect, toxic and hygienic estimation of the sewage waters and their influence on the warm-blooded animals and aquatic lives at the development of new treatment systems perspective charts, and also speed-up methods of hygienical estimation and operative sanitary-quarantine control of the ships sewage treatment settings with use of express-analysis methods on board of the vessels.

Keywords: sewage waters, sludge waters, ships sewage treatment settings, methods and facilities of cleaning and disinfeñtion.

ϳäïèñàíî äî äðóêó 21.09.2010.

Óì. äðóê. àðê. 0,9. Ôîðìàò 60õ84/16

Òèðàæ 100 ïðèì. Ïàï³ð îôñåòíèé. Çàì. ¹ 5/09-10

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