Композиційні аспекти формування квартальної забудови Львова ХVІІІ-ХХ століть

Ключевые слова: городское развитие, городская ткань, квартальная застройка, фронт застройки, композиционный анализ, архитектурные элементы, вертикальные и горизонтальные членения.

Yuliya Idak “Composition Aspects of Town-planning Regulation of the Residential Areas in Lviv at the end of ХVІІІth - beginning ХХth Centuries“. Manuscript.

Dissertation for an academic Degree of Candidate in architecture by specialty 18.00.01 - the Theory of Architecture, Restoration of Architectural Monuments.- Lviv National University „Lviv Polytechnic”, Lviv, 2006.

The main aim of the thesis is to investigate the principles of forming the urban web design area structure in the historical part of Lviv (the end of the XVIII - the beginning of the XX cc.) The main component of “urban web” has been analyzed in details. Taking into consideration the determination of residential areas building up, two principal investigation directions have been set up: macro level - town planning analysis and micro level - design-area structure analysis.

At the beginning of the XX c. In the process of the town-planning development different density types were formed, starting with the densely built-up (80%-90%) in the city centre to the dispersed built-up (5% -10%) in the suburbs. Densely built-up type in its turn is subdivided into two types: high-density subtype preliminary formed by the end of the XVIII c. on the assumption of mediaeval building based on definite design unity of principles of forming the residential areas in the city centre, and periphery-court-like outside the city centre, at some places enfilade type occurs. Non-densely town-planning is peculiar to the suburbs. In the town-planning process eight subtypes of non-densely town-planning were formed: periphery, non-formed periphery, frontal, fragmentary-row, dispersed (villa- and manor-like) and centric one.

Compositional analysis has been applied to the scope of the formed solid-special block building up types of Lviv historical part, considering the vertical and horizontal partition, big and small elements, symmetrical and a-symmetrical arrangement of architectonic forms, combination of architectural elements and their recurrence, decor and colour enrichment. Having determined the peculiarities of compositional building, such fundamental types of compositional solution of the block building up have been distinguished: block type - elements equality, no dominants; coulisse type- elements equality with accentuated dominant elements; centroidal axled type - subordination of the elements to the centroidal axis; angle type - subordination of the elements to the angular axis.

Comparing the historical plans and solid-spacial block building up formed in the end of the XIII - the beginning of the XX cc., there occurs the compositional solution changeability of the block building up: a) the solid-special urban web structure changes show in the combination of the small scale buildings (detached- and row-building up) and the massive multistoried ones; b) the compositional building up of the block building up scope is characterized by the tendency of the dominating horizontal partition building up development into the massive buildings with the actively marked partitions.

The summary of the work can be used for the processing the contemporary branches of the solid-special block town-planning structure in the existing historical environment.

Key words: town-planning development, urban web, block building up, scope of building up, compositional analysis, architectonic elements, vertical and horizontal partitions.

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