Кислотно-основний баланс у здорових та хворих на кетоз корів

При метаболическом ацидозе, который развивается у коров, больных кетозом, наблюдается активная корреляционная зависимость между данными кислотно-щелочного состояния крови и мочи. Коэффициент корреляции между данными КЩС мочи (рН, ОКЩС, кислоты, щелочи, NH₄⁺) и крови (рН, HCO₃^-, BE, pCO₂) составляет от 0,6 до 0,97, что указывает на возможность использования простых методов исследования мочи для диагностики метаболического ацидоза или алкалоза.

Внутривенное введение 0,3 г на 1 кг массы тела 40 %-ного раствора глюкозы коровам, больным кетозом, способствует снижению кетоновых тел и нормализирует кислотно-щелочное состояние организма.

Ключевые слова: высокопродуктивные коровы, кетоз, метаболический ацидоз, показатели кислотно-щелочного состояния крови и мочи, кетоновые тела, глюкоза, общий белок, альбумины, АСТ, АЛТ.

Lenyo M.I. Acid-base balance in healthy cowes and cowes with ketosis. - Manuscript.

The thesis on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of veterinary sciences on a speciality 16.00.01 - diagnostic and therapy of animals. - Bila Tserkva State agrarian university, Bila Tserkva, 2006.

The development procedure for the metabolic acidosis in cows with ketosis has been theoretically grounded and experimentally stated in the given thesis; the innovative informative methods of early detection of acid-base balance disturbance of the organism have been suggested herein. The metabolism indices and acid-base balance state of blood and urine in cows with medium and high productivity levels and at different physiologic stages (before and after calving) have been studied. It has been determined that acid-base blood balance in clinically healthy cows is stable and not productivity-dependant. The acidic elements formation in cows post partum increases which results in activation of compensatory body functions at the expense of urinary excretion of acids and ammonium ions and reduction in excretion of organic bases. The conducted investigations provide the evidence that ketosis is observed in milk-cows, whose productivity is higher than 5000 kg of milk during lactation. The imbalanced rations as to the main nutrients and biologically active substances, all year round stable keeping, hypodynamia, obesity, postnatal pathology bring about the disease. The general depression, feebleness, reluctant movements, long lying, anorexia, sense shock, acetone-odour breathing and acetone-odour skin, hepatomegaly, reducetion in the number of erythrocytes, leucocytes and haemoglobin, oxonemia, oxonuria, hypoglycaemia, hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperenzymemia (aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) are observed in cows with ketosis. The concentration of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and natrium in blood of the ill cows reduces while К⁺ increases, which demonstrate the activation of compensatory body functions, aimed at utilization of hydrogen ions. The uptake of ketone bodies and other badly oxidized products in blood of cows with ketosis leads to the progress of metabolic acidosis. The compensatory possibilities of one ill cows maintain acid-base balance of the organism within the physiologic limits, whilst the others suffer from compensated or subcompensated metabolic acidosis. In case of compensated metabolic acidosis the buffer properties of kidneys become active, intensive excretion of acid products and normalization of acidbase blood balance are observed. That is why the pH level and general acid-base balance of the urine of cows with ketosis reduces at the expense of increased excretion of acids and ammonium ions and decrease of organic bases. In case of metabolic acidosis progressing in ill cows the close correlative dependence between the indices of acid-base balance in blood and urine is observed. The intravenous introduction of 0.3 gr of 40% glucose solution per 1 kg of the weight to the cows with ketosis contributes to the reduction of the ketone bodies, as well as normalizes the organism acid-base balance.

Key words: high-productive cows, ketosis, metabolic acidosis, indexes of acid-basic balance of blood and urine, ketonic bodies, glucose, general protein, albumens, AST, ALT.

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