Політичний тероризм у сучасних міжнародних відносинах

Dissertation emphasizes the multidisciplinary of the terrorism phenomenom, spanning a number of fields including political science, psychology, criminology, sociology, history and others.

The dissertation presents an overview of the scholarly researches of the terrorism, highlighting the range of approaches and examining the progress that has been made thus far.

The dissertation aims to place concepts of terrorism in perspective by analysing its roots and trissers, its decline as well as the affect of current trends on the risk that terrorist organizations pose to societies. In addition to in-depth analysis of the prevailing literature, several approaches are introduced to explain the concepts at hand. It is important to emphasize, however, that the complexity of terrorism combined with the unique attributes of individual groups make it nearly impossible to capture the explanatory characteristics of the phenomenon in a single approach. As such several approaches are used to depict the ways in which root and trigger causes can affect the decline of terrorism and the affect of observed trends in terrorism on changes in the risk terrorist organizations pose. In the dissertation is concluded the analysis of the diversity of terrorism in the world and is covered a spectrum of categories.

The relationship between various contributing factors and terrorism in the dissertation is researched. It is pointed out that progress has been made over the years through research in an effort to understand the nature of terrorism, why it emerges and escalates and subsequently how to counter it. The focus on identifying the causes of why terrorism has escalated in light of developing threats, prompting intense debates and consideration, yet has not resulted in agreement on any one precise cause. Furthermore, while the subject has been explored in various forms producing a plethora of literature, the only agreement that seems to have been reached is predicated on the notion that there exists no single root cause of terrorism, or even a common set of causes.

With the aim of investigating and analyzing the root and trigger causes of terrorism, in the dissertation the terms in question are discussed and conceptualize. Providing an overview of the prevailing literature, the causes of terrorism will be addressed as they related to a multitude of factors spanning a number of academic fields. A theoretical framework is introduced to highlight the diversity of approaches employed in analyzing the nature of terrorism. Based on the reviewed literature a comprehensive list of exact factors is then presented to illustrate the scope of root and trigger causes.

By replacing political activity with violence, terrorism can have a destabilizing affect on civil society, posing a threat to democracy or legitimately constituted governments. Differentiating terrorist offences from other forms of criminal acts - politically motivated or otherwise - is therefore essential in trying to establish the root causes of the phenomenon. Defining terrorism has also been an equally daunting task. With more than one hundred definitions spanning across a number of academic fields, there has been no significant progress in securing a universally accepted definition.

Dissertation emphasizes that being highly complex and constantly changing phenomenon, terrorism stands at the forefront of national and international agendas. Taking on many forms, terrorism is associated with a wide variety of groups and motivations. The distinction between a terrorist and others, for example guerrillas or freedom fighters, continues to rouse debates and depends to a large extent on the perspective used. Moreover, the emotionally charged nature of the term itself makes it especially difficult to define. Terrorism differs from other forms of violence in the choice of targets and modes of activity. While definitions of the phenomenon abound, the international community has thus far not been able to reach a consensus on one general definition.

Key words: terror, terrorism, terroristic act, terroristic organization, subject of terroristic action, object of terroristic actions, respondent of terroristic action, international cooperation.

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