Doppler Effect
Theoretical information about the history of the discovery of the Doppler effect, the disclosure of its physical nature. Building plot of the Doppler frequency of target velocity at a certain speed range and for given parameters of the wavelength.
| Рубрика | Физика и энергетика |
| Вид | лабораторная работа |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 26.06.2011 |
| Размер файла | 124,8 K |
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Ministry of Education And Science of Ukraine
National Aviation University
Laboratory work
On the theme: "Doppler Effect"
Executed by: Samokhina
Margaret (IASU_513)
Checked by: Glushko D.N.
Kyiv 2010
Theoretical information
The Doppler effect (or Doppler shift), named after Austrian physicist Christian Doppler who proposed it in 1842, is the change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave. It is commonly heard when a vehicle sounding a siren or horn approaches, passes, and recedes from an observer. The received frequency is higher (compared to the emitted frequency) during the approach, it is identical at the instant of passing by, and it is lower during the recession.
The relative increase in frequency can be explained as follows. When the source of the waves is moving toward the observer, each successive wave crest is emitted from a position closer to the observer than the previous wave. Therefore each wave takes slightly less time to reach the observer than the previous wave. Therefore the time between the arrival of successive wave crests is reduced, causing an increase in the frequency. While they are travelling, the distance between successive wavefronts is reduced; so the waves "bunch together". Conversely, if the source of waves is moving away from the observer, each wave is emitted from a position farther from the observer than the previous wave, so the arrival time between successive waves is increased, reducing the frequency. The distance between successive wavefronts is increased, so the waves "spread out".
For waves that propagate in a medium, such as sound waves, the velocity of the observer and of the source are relative to the medium in which the waves are transmitted. The total Doppler effect may therefore result from motion of the source, motion of the observer, or motion of the medium. Each of these effects is analyzed separately. For waves which do not require a medium, such as light or gravity in general relativity, only the relative difference in velocity between the observer and the source needs to be considered.
Task: To calculate and plot the graph of the dependence of Doppler frequency from the velocity of the target at the wavelength л=0.03 sm, velocity range V=0-300 km/h.
effect doppler frequency wave
|
Fd=2V/л Fd1=370,37 V1=20 m/s Fd2=740,74 V2=40 m/s Fd3=1111,111 V3=60 m/s Fd4=1481,48 V4=80 m/s Fd5=1851,85 V5=100 m/s Fd6=2222,222 V6=120 m/s Fd7=2592,53 V7=140 m/s Fd8=2962,96 V8=160 m/s Fd9=3333,333 V9=180 m/s Fd10=3703,7 V10=200 m/s Fd11=4074,074 V11=220 m/s Fd12=4444,444 V12=240 m/s Fd13=4814,81 V13=260 m/s Fd14=5184,18 V14=280 m/s Fd15=5555,555 V15=300 m/s |
Conclusion: At this laboratory work we've investigated the dependence of Doppler frequency from the velocity of the target. So, as we see from the graph, it is linear dependence.
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