Doppler Effect

Theoretical information about the history of the discovery of the Doppler effect, the disclosure of its physical nature. Building plot of the Doppler frequency of target velocity at a certain speed range and for given parameters of the wavelength.

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Ministry of Education And Science of Ukraine

National Aviation University

Laboratory work

On the theme: "Doppler Effect"

Executed by: Samokhina

Margaret (IASU_513)

Checked by: Glushko D.N.

Kyiv 2010

Theoretical information

The Doppler effect (or Doppler shift), named after Austrian physicist Christian Doppler who proposed it in 1842, is the change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave. It is commonly heard when a vehicle sounding a siren or horn approaches, passes, and recedes from an observer. The received frequency is higher (compared to the emitted frequency) during the approach, it is identical at the instant of passing by, and it is lower during the recession.

The relative increase in frequency can be explained as follows. When the source of the waves is moving toward the observer, each successive wave crest is emitted from a position closer to the observer than the previous wave. Therefore each wave takes slightly less time to reach the observer than the previous wave. Therefore the time between the arrival of successive wave crests is reduced, causing an increase in the frequency. While they are travelling, the distance between successive wavefronts is reduced; so the waves "bunch together". Conversely, if the source of waves is moving away from the observer, each wave is emitted from a position farther from the observer than the previous wave, so the arrival time between successive waves is increased, reducing the frequency. The distance between successive wavefronts is increased, so the waves "spread out".

For waves that propagate in a medium, such as sound waves, the velocity of the observer and of the source are relative to the medium in which the waves are transmitted. The total Doppler effect may therefore result from motion of the source, motion of the observer, or motion of the medium. Each of these effects is analyzed separately. For waves which do not require a medium, such as light or gravity in general relativity, only the relative difference in velocity between the observer and the source needs to be considered.

Task: To calculate and plot the graph of the dependence of Doppler frequency from the velocity of the target at the wavelength л=0.03 sm, velocity range V=0-300 km/h.

effect doppler frequency wave

F_d=2V/л

F_d1=370,37

V₁=20 m/s

F_d2=740,74

V₂=40 m/s

F_d3=1111,111

V₃=60 m/s

F_d4=1481,48

V₄=80 m/s

F_d5=1851,85

V₅=100 m/s

F_d6=2222,222

V₆=120 m/s

F_d7=2592,53

V₇=140 m/s

F_d8=2962,96

V₈=160 m/s

F_d9=3333,333

V₉=180 m/s

F_d10=3703,7

V₁₀=200 m/s

F_d11=4074,074

V₁₁=220 m/s

F_d12=4444,444

V₁₂=240 m/s

F_d13=4814,81

V₁₃=260 m/s

F_d14=5184,18

V₁₄=280 m/s

F_d15=5555,555

V₁₅=300 m/s

Conclusion: At this laboratory work we've investigated the dependence of Doppler frequency from the velocity of the target. So, as we see from the graph, it is linear dependence.

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