Onomatopoeia in English language

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Introduction

The essay is devoted to the study of the English onomatopoeia.

The basic concepts of the present work:

Onomatopoeia (onomatopoeia) - conditional play nature sounds and sounds that accompany some of the processes (shaking, laughing, whistling, etc.), as well as animal cries [8; 288].

Relevance of research topic due to its connection with one of the most important tasks of modern linguistics - the study of actualization of language units in speech. Onomatopoetic vocabulary in the English language is of great research interest for linguists of our time. Work on this subject, began to appear in the late XIX - early XX centuries.

The purpose of research - identifying the main functional patterns and values onomatopoeic units.



1. The general notion of onomatopoeia

Onomatopoeia is defined as a word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting. For instance, saying, “The gushing stream flows in the forest” is a more meaningful description than just saying, “The stream flows in the forest.” The reader is drawn to hear the sound of a “gushing stream” which makes the expression more effective.

In addition to the sound they represent, many onomatopoeic words have developed meanings of their own. For example, “whisper” not only represents the sound of people talking quietly, but also describes the action of people talking quietly.

1.1 Common Examples of Onomatopoeia

The buzzing bee flew away.

The sack fell into the river with a splash.

The books fell on the table with a loud thump.

He looked at the roaring sky.

The rustling leaves kept me awake.

The different sounds of animals are also considered as examples of onomatopoeia. You will recognize the following sounds easily:

Meow

Moo

Neigh

Tweet

Oink

Baa

Groups of Onomatopoeic Words

Onomatopoeic words come in combinations as they reflect different sounds of a single object. For example, a group of words reflecting different sounds of water are; plop, splash, gush, sprinkle, drizzle, drip etc.

Similarly, words like growl, giggle, grunt, murmur, blurt, chatter etc. denote different kinds of human voice sounds.

Moreover, we can identify a group of words related to different sounds of wind, such as; swish, swoosh, whiff, whoosh, whizz, whisper etc.

1.2 Onomatopoeia Examples in Literature

Onomatopoeia is frequently employed in literature. Below, a few Onomatopoeia examples are highlighted in bold letters:

“The moan of doves in immemorial elms,

And murmuring of innumerable bees…” (`Come Down, O Maid' by Alfred Lord Tennyson).

“Hark, hark!

Bow-wow.

The watch-dogs bark!

Bow-wow.

Hark, hark! I hear

The strain of strutting chanticleer

Cry, `cock-a-diddle-dow! ” (Ariel in William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Act One, scene 2)

“He saw nothing and heard nothing but he could feel his heart pounding and then he heard the clack on stone and the leaping, dropping clicks of a small rock falling.” (For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway)

“It went zip when it moved and bop when it stopped,

And when it stood still.

I never knew just what it was and I guess I never will.” (“The Marvelous Toy” by Tom Paxton)

“I'm getting married in the morning!

Ding dong! the bells are gonna chime.” (“Get Me to the Church on Time,” by Lerner and Loewe)

We notice, in the above examples, the use of onomatopoeia gives rhythm to the texts. In addition, it makes the description livelier and interesting, appealing directly to the senses of the reader.



2. Onomatopoeia and Phanopoeia

Onomatopoeia, in its more complicated use, takes the form of phanopoeia. Phanopoeia is a form of onomatopoeia that describes the sense of things rather than their natural sounds. D.H Lawrence in his poem “Snake” illustrates the use of this form:

“He reached down from a fissure in the earth-wall in the gloom

And trailed his yellow-brown slackness soft-bellied down, over the

edge of the stone trough

And rested his throat upon the stone bottom,

And where the water had dripped from the tap, in a small clearness

He sipped with his straight mouth,…”

The rhythm and length of the above lines, along with the use of “hissing” sounds, create a picture of a snake in the minds of the readers.

2.1 Function of Onomatopoeia

Generally, words are used to tell what is happening. Onomatopoeia, on the other hand, helps the readers to hear the sounds the words they reflect. Hence, the reader cannot help but enter the world created by the poet with the aid of these words. The beauty of onomatopoeic words lies in the fact that they are bound to have an effect on the readers' senses whether they are understood or not. Moreover, a simple plain expression does not have the same emphatic effect that conveys an idea powerfully to the readers. The use of onomatopoeic words helps create emphasis.



2.2 Five examples of Onomatopoeia

The concept of onomatopoeia words can be difficult to understand without examples. Examples give you the chance to better understand the onomatopoeia concept and to see and sound out actual words.

This article lists five categories of onomatopoeic words with several examples of each. The list includes words with letter combinations that are commonly used to represent certain sounds. It isn't an exhaustive list of onomatopoeic words, but it's a good start to understand the onomatopoeia concept.



3. Common Onomatopoeia Letter Combinations

Many times, you can tell what an onomatopoeic word is describing based on letter combinations contained within the word. These combinations usually come at the beginning, but a few also come at the end.

The following examples have been grouped according to how they are used.

1. Words Related to Water - These words often begin with sp- or dr-. Words that indicate a small amount of liquid often end in -le (sprinkle/drizzle).

Bloop onomatopoeia english sound

splash

spray

sprinkle

squirt

drip

drizzle

An onomatopoeia poem by Lee Emmett of Australia also illustrates many onomatopoeia related to water:

water plops into pond

splish-splash downhill

warbling magpies in tree

trilling, melodic thrill

whoosh, passing breeze

flags flutter and flap

frog croaks, bird whistles

babbling bubbles from tap

2. Words Related to the Voice - Sounds that come from the back of the throat tend to start with a gr- sound whereas sounds that come out of the mouth through the lips, tongue and teeth begin with mu-.

giggle

growl

grunt

gurgle

mumble

murmur

bawl

belch

chatter

blurt

3. Words Related to Collisions - Collisions can occur between any two or more objects. Sounds that begin with cl- usually indicate collisions between metal or glass objects, and words that end in -ng are sounds that resonate. Words that begin with th- usually describe dull sounds like soft but heavy things hitting wood or earth.

bam

bang

clang

clank

clap

clatter

click

clink

ding

jingle

screech

slap

thud

thump

4. Words Related to Air - Because air doesn't really make a sound unless it blows through something, these words describe the sounds of air blowing through things or of things rushing through the air. 'Whisper' is on this list and not the voice list because we do not use our voices to whisper. We only use the air from our lungs and the position of our teeth, lips and tongues to form audible words.

flutter

fisst

fwoosh

gasp

swish

swoosh

whiff

whoosh

whizz

whip

whisper

5. Animal Sounds - If you've spent significant amounts of time with people from other countries, you know that animals speak different languages too. Depending on where a chicken is from, for example, she might cluck-cluck, bok-bok, tok-tok, kot-kot or cotcotcodet. In the United States, however, animals speak English:

arf

baa

bark

bray

buzz

cheep

chirp

chortle

cluck

cock-a-doodle-doo

cuckoo

hiss

meow

moo

neigh

oink

purr

quack

ribbit

tweet

warble

6. Miscellaneous Examples - Onomatopoeia can also be found in literature, songs and advertisements as well. Consider the following examples of onomatopoeia:

"Chug, chug, chug. Puff, puff, puff. Ding-dong, ding-dong. The little train rumbled over the tracks."("Watty Piper" [Arnold Munk], The Little Engine That Could)

"Plop, plop, fizz, fizz, oh what a relief it is." (slogan of Alka Seltzer, U.S.)

"Onomatopoeia every time I see ya

My senses tell me hubba

And I just can't disagree.

I get a feeling in my heart that I can't describe. . .

It's sort of whack, whir, wheeze, whine

Sputter, splat, squirt, scrape

Clink, clank, clunk, clatter

Crash, bang, beep, buzz

Ring, rip, roar, retch

Twang, toot, tinkle, thud

Pop, plop, plunk, pow

Snort, snuck, sniff, smack

Screech, splash, squish, squeak

Jingle, rattle, squeal, boing

Honk, hoot, hack, belch."

(Todd Rundgren, "Onomatopoeia")



4. What Is Onomatopoeia?

The word 'onomatopoeia' comes from the combination of two Greek words, one meaning 'name' and the other meaning 'I make,' so onomatopoeia literally means 'the name (or sound) I make.' That is to say that the word means nothing more than the sound it makes. 'Boing,' for example, means nothing more than what it sounds like. It is only a sound effect.

Many onomatopoeic words have come to mean other things related to the sounds they make. 'Slap,' for instance, not only means the sound that is made by skin hitting skin, but also the action of hitting someone (usually on the face) with an open hand. 'Rustle' is the sound of papers brushing together, but it also indicates the action of someone moving papers around and causing them to brush together, thus making this noise. And of course, 'twitter' is now much more than just the sound birds make.

Reviewing examples of onomatopoeia words and their various sound

categories is an excellent way to learn to recognize and understand

onomatopoeic words. Look for the patterns that almost always exist, and if

you ever have a question about what an onomatopoeic word means, just ask

yourself, `What does it sound like?'



5. Onomatopoeia in other countries

Onomatopoeia in German:

Hund (dog): wuff wuff

Hahn (cock): Kikeriki

Frosch (frog): Quak Quak

Ziege (goat): meeh

Katze (cat) : miau, miau

Kuh (cow): muh

In Dutch:

Hond (dog): woef

Haan (cock): kukeleku

Kikker (frog): kwaak

Geit (goat): mиh / bиh

Kat (cat): miauw

Koe (cow): boe

In Filipino/Tagalog:

Cat - miyaw-miyaw (meow-meow)

Dog - aw-aw

Snake - sssss

Goat - meee

Chicken - kokorokok

Duck - kwak-kwak

In Filipino/Tagalog:

Cat - miyaw-miyaw (meow-meow)

Dog - aw-aw

Snake - sssss

Goat - meee

Chicken - kokorokok

Duck - kwak-kwak

Onomatopoeia in English:

Dog: woof, woof or bow-wow

Cock: cock-a-doodle-doo or crow

Frog: croak or ribbit

Goat: baa or bleat

Cat: meow

Cow: moo

Here are a few more:

Turkey: gobble

Goose: honk

Horse: neigh

Bird: chirp, tweet

Japanese:

Dog (Inu) - Wan wan

Cat (Neko) - Nyan nyan

Cow (Ushi) - Mou mou

Crow (Karasu) - Kaa kaa

Frog (Kaeru) - Kero Kero

Pig (Buta) - Buu Buu

Adding to the English thread:

horse-whinney

bird-cheep

I can't think of any more in addition to LauraM's others, but will keep thinking.

Onomatopoeia in Spanish:

perro (dog): guau guau

gallo (cock): kikiriki

rana (frog): quak quak

cabra (goat): beeh beeh

gato (cat) : miau

vaca (cow): muuu

I'll give it a try and write in english how do these animals sound in greek

1. Cat - niau (or neow, i guess)

2. Dog - wav wav

3. Snake - sss

4. Goat - beeh

5. Chicken - kikiriku

6. Duck - kwax-kwax

I don't think it would make sense to write it in greek, as most people wouldnt understand how to read it anyway!

Ah, this is a fun topic. Here's my take for the Portuguese language:

Cгo (dog): гo гo (sounds like ow ow)

Galo (cock): cуcуrуcуcу (cog kohrog cog cog)

Sapo (frog): crok crok

Cabra (goat): baaahhhhhh 

Gato (cat) : miau, miau

Vaca (cow): mooooo

Some more Portuguese:

Pбssaro (bird) - piu piu piu

Perъ (turkey) - glu glu glu

Burro (donkey) - ihу ihу (hard one this sound...)

Here they are in Hungarian (god how do we come up with these things).

Kutya (dog): vau-vau

Kakas (cock): kukurikъ

Bйka (frog): brek

Kecske (goat): baa

Macska (cat) : miau

Tehйn (cow): muuh

Japanese!

I see someone did most of them up above..

Here are some others:

Buta - Pig - Buu! Buu!

Hitsuji - Sheep - Mee! Mee!

Nezumi - Mouse - Chuu! Chuu! (Awwww.)

Karasu - Crow - Kaa! Kaa!

Polish!

Dog - Pies - Hau! Hau!

Cat - Kot - Miau! Miau!

Frog - Zaba - Recho!

Pig - Swinia - Chrum! Chrum!

Chicken - Kura - Gdak! Gdak! (aahahaha :) )

Cow - Krowa - Mu!

Goat - Koza - Mee!

« Last Edit: November 20, 2013, 05:03:20 AM by jcannon »

Another Japanese one:

Rooster (on-dori): kokke-kokkoh (a little different from English's "cock-a-doodle-doo"!)

And the Japanese have long known the answer to a certain question...

Fox (kitsune): kon kon

Onomatopoeia in Spanish:

perro (dog): guau guau

gallo (cock): kikiriki

rana (frog): quak quak

cabra (goat): beeh beeh

gato (cat) : miau

vaca (cow): muuu

Hmm... In Spanish I hear the frog (rana) say "croac, croac" and the duck (pato) say "quack, quack"

And many people say that the guajolote/pavo (turkey) says "gordo, gordo, gordo"

More in Spanish:

gallina (hen) clo, clo, clo

pollito (chiken) pнo, pнo

In Filipino/Tagalog:

Cat - miyaw-miyaw (meow-meow)

2. Dog - aw-aw

3. Snake - sssss

4. Goat - meee

5. Chicken - kokorokok

6. Duck - kwak-kwak

Where's the frog and why include the snake instead? Anyway here's

my Filipino/Tagalog version:

Aso (dog) : Aw-aw

Tandang (cock): Tiktilaok

Palaka (frog) : Kokak

Kambing (goat): Meee

Pusa (cat) : Ngiyaw

Baka (cow): Muuu

Here's the list for Slovene:

pes (dog): hov hov

petelin (cock): kikiriki

ћaba (frog): rega kvak

koza (goat): mee-ee

maиka (cat) : mjav

krava (cow): mu

Filipino:

Frog: Kokak-kokak

2. Gecko: Tuko-tuko

3. Cat: Ngiyaw-ngiyaw

4. Bird: Twit-twit [10].

6. Onomatopoeia, denoting the sounds of nature

6.1 The direct value of onomatopoeia

1. echo

Now to cause laughter to echo from those lavish jungles and frowing crags where formerly rang the cries of pirate's victims; to lay aside pike and cutlass and attack with quip and jollity; to draw one saving titter of mirth from the rusty casque of Romance - this were pleasant to do in the shade of the lemon-trees on that coast that is curved like lips set for smiling [2].

2. tap

It tapped on the yellow hood of the boy's slicker, sounding to his ears like rain on a shed roof . . . a comfortable, almost cozy sound [3].

3. flick

He could hear his mother playing the piano, not For Elise now but something else he didn't like so well - something that sounded dry and fussy; he could hear rain flicking steadily against the kitchen windows [3].

4. rustle

The stars were shining, and the leaves rustled in the woods ever so mournful; and I heard an owl, away off, who-whooing about somebody that was dead, and a whippowill and a dog crying about somebody that was going to die; and the wind was trying to whisper something to me, and I couldn't make out what it was, and so it made the cold shivers run over me [7].

5. thunder

Why, they rub an old tin lamp or an iron ring, and then the genies come tearing in, with the thunder and lightning a-ripping around and the smoke a-rolling, and everything they're told to do they up and do it [7].



6.2 Figurative meaning of onomatopoeia

6. rattle

Over his head, a grim gust of October wind rattled the trees, now almost completely unburdened of their freight of colored leaves by the storm, which had been this year a reaper of the most ruthless sort [3].

7. roar

The Dyea River as of old roared turbulently down to the sea; but its ancient banks were gored by the feet of many men, and these men labored in surging rows at the dripping tow-lines, and the deep-laden boats followed them as they fought their upward way [4].



7. Onomatopoeia produced by different objects

7.1 The direct value of onomatopoeia

8. jingle

Their buckles made a jolly jingling as George Denbrough ran toward his strange death [3].

9. whistle

The boat nearly whistled along the diagonal channel, just a page torn from the Classified section of the Derry News, but now George imagined it as a FT boat in a war movie, like the ones he sometimes saw down at the Derry Theater with Bill at Saturday matinees [3].

10. scrape

They both looked in the direction of the parlor, listening for the piano-bench to scrape back, listening for their mother's impatient footsteps [3].

11. scratch

For half an hour the pen scratched without stopping [5].

12. zip

13. splash

Zip! Splash! She shook the water from her eyes, squirming the while as some of it ran down her warm back [4].

14. boom

Well, after a long time I heard the clock away off in the town go boom-boom-boom - twelve licks; and all still again - stiller than ever [7].

15. scrape

We went tiptoeing along a path amongst the trees back towards the end of the widow's garden, stooping down so as the branches wouldn't scrape our heads [7].

16. click

Miss Fromsett's elegant hand moved over her papers and the muted peep of the kitten at the PBX was audible at moments, and the little click of the plugs going in and out [1].

17. phooey

His door closed on the pneumatic closer and made a sound like "phooey" [1].

18. screech

Mingled with harsh high voices as of birds of prey, and the shrill neighing of horses wild with rage and fear, there came a rending screech, shivering, rising swiftly to a piercing pitch beyond the range of hearing [6].

19. thud

Iron wheels revolved there endlessly, and hammers thudded [6].

Figurative meaning of onomatopoeia

20. snore

21. gutter

The tall, red, iron-clamped pump-beam rose and fell, and the pumps snored and guttered and shrieked as the first water poured out of the pipe [5].

22. jangling

The “two-circle” and the “circle-and-dot” brands caused endless jangling, while every whipsaw discovered a dozen claimants [4].

23. tremble

And in her eyes there was always a smiling light, just trembling on the verge of dawn [4].

2.1.3 Onomatopoeia produced by humans and animals

The direct value of onomatopoeia

24. hue

25. cry

Even with the hundred thousand unfound, though they greatly coveted, the hue and cry went no further than that [2].

26. bark

"Whatcha want?" he barked [1].

27. laughter

28. titter

Now to cause laughter to echo from those lavish jungles and frowing crags where formerly rang the cries of pirate's victims; to lay aside pike and cutlass and attack with quip and jollity; to draw one saving titter of mirth from the rusty casque of Romance - this were pleasant to do in the shade of the lemon-trees on that coast that is curved like lips set for smiling [2].

29. scream

The waves swished along the smooth beach; the parrots screamed in the orange and ceiba-trees; the palms waved their limber fronds foolishly like an awkward chorus at the prima donna's cue to enter [2].

30. shriek

A native boy dashed down a grass-grown street, shrieking: “Busca el Senor Goodwin. Ha venido un telegrafo por el!” [2].

31. carol

Knots of women with complexions varying from palest olive to deepest brown gathered at street corners and plaintively carolled: “Un telegrafo por Senor Goodwin!” [2].

32. robustious

33. clamor

34. shout

When the meaning of the disturbance became clear to him he placed a hand beside his mouth and shouted: "Hey! Frank!" in such a robustious voice that the feeble clamor of the natives was drowned and silenced [2].

35. growl

It, growling deeply - he would hear the growl in those lunatic seconds before it pounced on him and unzipped his guts [3].

36. bang

It banged gustily [3].

37. slam

The piano had come to a stop, and his mom's voice floated to him: “Georgie, can't you slam that door a little harder next time? Maybe you could break some of the plates in the Welsh dresser, if you really tried” [3].

38. snot

“W-What a fool you are, Juh-Georgie,” Bill said, amiably enough, and pushed back some of the sick-stuff on his night table: an empty glass, a pitcher of water, Kleenex, books, a bottle of Vicks VapoRub - the smell of which Bill would associate all his life with thick, phlegmy chests and snotty noses [3].

39. whisper

There followed a whispered conversation of the sort which means very little to anyone save small boys [3].

40. cough

Bill's laughter turned into a coughing fit [3].

41. yell

“No, no, no!” he yelled, dismayed [3].

42. cry out

Then one of his feet slipped and he went sprawling, skinning one knee and crying out in pain [3].

43. giggle

George giggled. “I guess so” [3].

44. croon

45. chuckle

“They float,” the thing in the drain crooned in a clotted, chuckling voice [3].

46. applause

The long lame gaps in his plays he filled up with hasty words of apology and description and swept on, seeing all that he intended to do so clearly that he esteemed it already done, and turned to me for applause [5].

47. sigh

Then Charlie sighed and tugged his hair [5].

48. babble

But Charlie babbled on serenely, interrupting the current of pure fancy with samples of horrible sentences that he purposed to use [5].

49. sniff

An elderly gentleman called away from his lunch put an end to my search by holding the note-paper between finger and thumb and sniffing at it scornfully [5].

50. mutter

“Guess I'd be in a hurry myself,” he muttered, sympathetically, as he piloted her along the crowded deck [4].

51. proclaim

Everybody was in everybody else's way; nor was there one who failed to proclaim it at the top of his lungs [4].

52. rap

Mr. Thurston gripped tight hold of the gunwale, and as reward for his chivalry had his knuckles rapped sharply by the oar-blade [4].

53. plunk

Well, he drinks his whiskey, plunks down two horseshoe nails, and it's O.K. [4].

54. murmur

“Oh, you'll do!” he murmured ecstatically, bending afresh to the oars [4].

55. buzz

When they reached the sand-spit, crowded with heterogeneous piles of merchandise and buzzing with men, she stopped long enough to shake hands with her ferryman [4].

56. utter

Just then Frona uttered a glad little cry and darted forward [4].

57. chatter

“Oh, you don't remember me!” she chattered [4].

58. ring

The widow rung a bell for supper, and you had to come to time [7].

59. grumble

When you got to the table you couldn't go right to eating, but you had to wait for the widow to tuck down her head and grumble a little over the victuals, though there warn't really anything the matter with them, - that is, nothing only everything was cooked by itself [7].

60. scrunch

Miss Watson would say, "Don't put your feet up there, Huckleberry;" and "Don't scrunch up like that, Huckleberry - set up straight;" and pretty soon she would say, “Don't gap and stretch like that, Huckleberry - why don't you try to behave?” [7].

61. who-whoo

The stars were shining, and the leaves rustled in the woods ever so mournful; and I heard an owl, away off, who-whooing about somebody that was dead, and a whippowill and a dog crying about somebody that was going to die; and the wind was trying to whisper something to me, and I couldn't make out what it was, and so it made the cold shivers run over me [7].

62. scratch

There was a place on my ankle that got to itching, but I dasn't scratch it; and then my ear begun to itch; and next my back, right between my shoulders [7].

63. snarl

The king snarls around on him and says: “I was trying to do for the best in sellin' 'em out so quick. If the profits has turned out to be none, lackin' considable, and none to carry, is it my fault any more'n it's yourn?” [7].

64. peep

Miss Fromsett's elegant hand moved over her papers and the muted peep of the kitten at the PBX was audible at moments, and the little click of the plugs going in and out [1].

65. snap

He clamped it in his paw and scowled down at it. “Who's M'Gee?” he snapped [1].

66. thump

People on bicycles wobbled cautiously over the highway and now and then an anxious-looking bird thumped past on a powerscooter [1].

67. neigh

Mingled with harsh high voices as of birds of prey, and the shrill neighing of horses wild with rage and fear, there came a rending screech, shivering, rising swiftly to a piercing pitch beyond the range of hearing [6].

68. flap

69. stamp

“My very bones are chilled,” said Gimli, flapping his arms and stamping his feet [6].

70. snort

A horse snorted and reared [6].

71. splutter

“Ach! No!” he spluttered. “You try to choke poor Smйagol” [6].

72. chuckle

73. croak

He seemed greatly delighted to feel the water, and chuckled to himself, sometimes even croaking in a sort of song [6].

74. hum

Sam was beaming and humming to himself, but when Frodo spoke he was at first content to listen, only occasionally venturing to make an exclamation of agreement [6].

75. howl

Borne upon the wind they heard the howling of wolves [6].

Figurative meaning of onomatopoeia

76. pound

Sir John Morgan, Lafitte and other eminent swashbucklers bombarded and pounded it in the name of Abaddon [2].

77. hiss

The comandante, Don Senor el Coronel Encarnacion Rios, who was loyal to the Ins and suspected Goodwin's devotion to the Outs, hissed: "Aha!" and wrote in his secret memorandum book the accusive fact that Senor Goodwin had on that momentous date received a telegram [2].

78. crisp

79. crackle

A man on the barge leaned over from above and baptized him with crisp and crackling oaths, while the whites and Indians in the canoe laughed derisively [4].

80. me-yow

Directly I could just barely hear a "me-yow! me-yow!" down there [7].

81. knock

From the yells and screeches that came from the knoll the hobbits guessed that their disappearance had been discovered: Uglъk was probably knocking off a few more heads [6].

Table 1

Kategory of onomotopeia	Amount	Direct meaning	Figurative meaning
onomatopoeia that represent the sounds of nature	7	5	2
onomatopoeia produced by different objects	16	12	4
onomatopoeia, denoting the sounds of humans and animals	58	52	6

The table shows that the most frequently used onomatopoeia denoting the sounds of humans and animals, as used in the literal sense.

Conclusion

In the modern English language there are a lot of words which represent the fonomenon of onomatopoeia.

Onomatopoeia is defined as a sound symbolism or relative simulation of the sounds of nature, of animals' calls, and the sounds that accompany some of the processes (shaking, laughing, whistling, etc.), as well as animal cries.

Modern linguists break up the sound simulation words into two groups

* sound-symbolic words (with non-acoustic denotation);

* onomatopoeic (acoustic denotation).

Onomatopoeic words are often regarded to the class of the Interjections, despite a number of differences existing between them. However, many researchers concur that onomatopoeic words should be distinguished from the onomatopoeia of interjections, so these words represent a separate part of speech.

Onomatopoeic words are a characteristic feature of literary texts. Writers use onomatopoeia to enhance psychoacoustic background or to express the character's emotional state.



Bibliographic source

Chandler, R. Playback. [Текст] / R. Chandler. - M. Arcade Publishing, 2006. - 120 p.

Henry, O. Cabbages and Kings. [Текст] / O. Henry. - M.: ABC-classics, 2007. - 137 p.

King, S. It. [Текст] / S. King. - M.: AST, 2007. - 458 p.

Kipling, R. Indian Tales. [Электронный ресурс] / R. Kipling. - Salt Lake City: Project Gutenberg, 2006. - 332 p.

London, J. The Little Lady of the Big House. A Daughter of the Snows [Текст] / J. London. - M., 1993. - 528 p.

Tolkien, J. R. R. The Hobbit, or There and Back Again. The Lord of the Rings. The Silmarillion. The Children of Hurin. [Текст] / J. R. R. Tolkien. - M.: AST, 2009. - 1440 p.

Twain, M. Huckleberry Finn [Текст] / M. Twain. - M.: AST, 2006. - 312 p.

Ахманова О.С. «Словарь лингвистических терминов», 2014 - 576 с.

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