Періодична преса Канади та її вплив на виборчий процес в країні

в) анализ сложившихся в Канаде взаимоотношений между политиками и журналистами,

г) изучение особенностей политической системы Канады, в частности ее избирательной системы, с определением основных участников избирательного процесса,

д) анализ главных факторов ефективного влияния прессы на парламентские федеральные выборы (на примере выборов в Парламент страны 2000 года).

В частности, доказано, что англоязычная и франкоязычная пресса Канады занимает важное место в развитии социально-политических отношений в канадском обществе и осуществляет одну из ведущих ролей в избирательном процессе в стране, оказывая при этом влияние на формирование общественного мнения.

Ключевые слова: пресса, медиа-корпорация, политическая партия, концентрация собственности, газеты, процесс монополизации, федеральные парламентские выборы, общественное мнение.

Annotation

Movchan Y.P. Canadian Press and its impact on the electoral process in Canada (with the example of the Federal Parliamentary Elections 2000). - Manuscript.

Thesis for scientific degree of candidate of Philology Science within the specialization 10.01.08. - Journalism. - Institute of Journalism, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University. - Kyiv, 2004.

This thesis made elaborate inquiries into the historical development and current functioning of Canadian press - English and French newspapers - and its impact on the development during the federal electoral campaigns. Taking into consideration the complexity of such study, the accomplished analysis was conducted in several directions which include:

a) analysis of the historical development of the Canadian press; including the studies of the leading English and French newspapers such as «Globe and Mail», «National Post», «Toronto Star», «Ottawa Citizen», «Winnipeg Free Press», «Edmonton Journal», «Calgary Herald», «Vancouver Province», «La Presse» and «Le Devoir»;

b) analysis of the Canadian newspapers ownership concentration and monopolization process at National as well as at Provincial levels, presenting the leading actors of the above mentioned process;

c) analysis of the relationship between press and politicians providing the practical recommendations and advises on how to improve these relations and what to avoid in dealing with the press;

d) studying the main characteristic of the Canadian political system, in particular the electoral system, analyzing the main actors of the electoral process such as political parties, their leaders, Elections Canada and Mass Media;

e) analysis of the main factors of effective influence of the press on the Federal Election 2000.

The studies of the historical overview of the Canadian Press showed that the Canadian Press has very strong historical tradition, in particular more than 200 years, as the first Canadian Newspaper - «Halifax Gazette» - was created in 1752. More than that, the historical tradition of the Canadian press is confirmed by the fact that the current leaders of the Canadian newspaper industry such as «Toronto Star», «Vancouver Province», «Winnipeg Free Press», «La Presse» were founded during the 3^rd period of the newspapers historical development 1858 - 1900; and the daily «Globe and Mail» was founded in 1844.

The results of the analysis of the Canadian daily newspaper ownership concentration and monopolization process showed that the level of ownership concentration is very high. Only 4 of the 102 Canadian dailies are independent. Ownership of all other newspapers as for 2003 is divided between 13 Canadian media conglomerates such as «CanWest Publications», «Sun Media Quebecor», «Power Corporation», «Torstar Corporation», «Bell Globemedia», «Osprey Media Group» and others. It was underlined that the leader of the Canadian newspapers industry is the Media Conglomerate «CanWest Publications» which controls over 30 % of daily circulation in Canada.

In the thesis, it was underlined that the Federal Elections 2000 was marked not simply by the presence of new political party such as Canadian Alliance, but also by the presence of a new newspaper «National Post». The most notable aspect of the newspaper coverage of the 2000 elections, in comparison with the previous elections, was that the competition between the two national papers «Globe and Mail» and National Post» resulted in greater attention to the elections. The majority of the Canadian newspapers concentrated their attention on the Liberals and the Canadian Alliance, and paid less attention to the NDP, the Bloc Quebecois and the Conservatives.

The results of this research can be used by the Ukrainian politicians in order to be able to build successfully relationship with the mass media, in particular with the press, during an election campaign as well as by journalists and public relations specialists who can improve their professional level of working on the daily basis in the political environment. The experience of Canadian Press as one of the leading critics in the Canadian society can be useful for the public relations specialists, media and communication advisers to the Ukrainian political parties. This research has potential to be a basis to develop different media courses such as «Mass Communication Process», «International Mass Media» and «The role of the Press during the elections».

Key words: press, media-corporation, political party, ownership concentration, monopolization process, parliamentary federal elections, public opinion.

Размещено на Allbest.ru