Posters collection of agricultural production from fonds of fine arts department of institute of book studies of V.I. Vernadskyi National library of Ukraine
Highlighting the main processes of agricultural production with the help of visual means of information, in particular posters. The main repressive measures of the influence of the Soviet leadership on the vast majority of the population of Ukraine.
| Рубрика | История и исторические личности |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 26.01.2023 |
| Размер файла | 2,1 M |
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Another poster, which is entitled “During drought, corn insures against starvation”, is valuable both in terms of its content and artistic merit. It is realistic and multi-colored. The main object is placed in the center of the poster - an ear of corn, which, in authors' view, is a life-saving crop at the times of drought and harvest failure. The ear of corn is shown at the background of sky and a peasant sowing the field with corn. The poster is painted in contrasting colors. Its visual information is supplemented with the text that informs on the results of Kharkiv Research Station's experimental work with this crop. The poster was printed by `Knyhospilka' Publishers in 1924, its material was prepared by Kharkiv Research Station. The illustrator of the poster was M. Sokolyn. It was printed in 5,000 copies.
Another interesting poster shows the recommendations of the People's Commissariat for Public Health concerning the location of utility structures in the individual peasant farm. The title of the poster is “Orderly peasant homestead”. In it one can see a projection of a traditional countryside community. Shown in the background is the sky with picturesque clouds and a windmill as an obligatory attribute of a Ukrainian village.
The main object situated in the central part of the poster is an individual peasant homestead with the rational, in the authors' opinion, placement of outbuildings, which are to meet sanitary requirements developed by the People's Commissariat for Public Health. The poster shows 10 utility buildings that are to be present in, so to say, the basic peasant homestead.
An interesting feature of this poster is that it was published at the time when forced collectivization had already become a large-scaled phenomenon, and the collapse of individual peasant farms was taking place. The majority of peasant households refused to join kolhosps (collective farms) voluntarily. And the poster in question, to some extent, implied the resistance to the actions of totalitarian regime.
The poster was produced in 1930, it was prepared by the health educa- 141 tion department of the People's Commissariat for Public Health and printed by `Naukova Dumka' Publishers in Kharkiv in 3,000 copies. The illustrator's name is not known.
The scientific novelty of the work is in the change of the main guidelines of the Soviet historiography of the 1920-ies by relying on the visual information sources, posters in particular. The concept that the Ukrainian society fell under the influence of Bolshevik propagandists and actively started to build a new society is not true. Without prejudice to the efficiency of propaganda in the life of the society, it can be stated that it did not produce such an all-encompassing effect, especially in the 1920-ies. A more balanced assessment of the processes developing in the crucial period of Ukraine's history is needed. Primarily, emphasis should be placed on the repressive measures of the Soviet authorities aimed against a large majority of the population of Ukraine.
Today's researchers, lacking the sufficient amount of actual evidence, followed the lead of Bolshevik propagandists and agreed with their conclusions about the total domination of political posters and their special role in the ideological re-orientation of the society. However, the analysis of posters from VNLU holdings, which has been conducted by the author of this article, gives evidence that political posters were not a dominating factor in society's life and that posters of other topics produced at least an equally important influence on the life of the Ukrainian community. As compared with previous research efforts, this study is an alternative in presenting the socio-political history of Ukraine in the 1920-ies.
Summary. Summing up the above data, one can arrive at the following conclusions. The 1920-ies played a noticeable role in the advancement of agricultural production in Ukraine. In spite of difficult economic and political conditions, the further progress of Ukraine in developing its productive forces took place. As Ukraine was mainly an agricultural country, the major focus was on the improvement of its agricultural sector. Here an important role was played by agrarian scientists since their research facilitated the implementation of novel technologies and production techniques.
Those facts, as well as the introduction of the new economic policy known as NEP, aroused the interest of common peasants in enhancing their
142 labor productivity, which, in turn, led to the increased interest in implementing new technologies and management methods. The key point was to bring those scientific developments to common peasants.
Here, posters, which became an ideal communication means in the 1920-ies, were an important connecting link. Relying on the experience of using political propagandist posters, the posters intended for updating the production processes played at least an equal role in developing innovative, as of that time, technologies in agriculture. It was the adoption of the practical ideas presented by them rather than propagandist slogans that played the decisive role in the rise of agricultural production.
Competently compiled by experts and masterfully made by illustrators, posters became, on the one hand, valuable sources of information for consumers, and pieces of figurative art - on the other. From the artistic point of view, in some cases they were worthy successors of the creative works by poster artists of the late 19th - early 20th century. And in terms of their information content, posters are a valuable visual legacy for the following generations and a weighty addition to the textual history of agricultural production development in Ukraine in the 1920-ies.
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