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Different types of houses

Martson Alex 9 B

Different Types Of Houses

Housing plans have evolved through out the years. The discovery of new materials, the advanced design techniques, and improved construction methods have altered the traditional house plans. However, it remains true that geographic location, trends and time periods have built a foundation for the general housing types that are still used today throughout the world.

House Types

· Cape Cod: Typically made of wood and covered in wide clapboard or shingles. Characterized by 1 or 1? stories with a steep roof that rest low to the ground. Large central fireplace that is connected to each room in the house. Hard wood floors. Contains a recognized center-hall floor plan. Windows and doors are symmetrically arranged. Decorative shutters.

· Classic Cottage: Resembles a Cape Cod house style. However, the roof of a classic cottage is much shallower and it has a higher eaves-front wall. Typically, small windows line the top front of the cottage. Main windows consist of multi-paned double-hung sash. There is increased space and light with this house plan.

· Colonial: Contains a medium pitched roof with a square, symmetrical shape. Front door has a decorative crown. Five windows align the upper level of the front of the house. Lower level consists of four windows and a centered door. Typically a 1? or two story home. Eaves have classical detailing.

· Gable and Ell: Floor plan of this house is either L-shaped (with a porch in the interior corner of the L) or T-shaped. 1 1/2 or 2 stories tall, with a gable roof at the same height as the main roof. These homes generally have double-hung sash windows with wood-clapboard siding.

· Bungalow: Typically 1 1/2 or 2 stories tall. The roofs are hipped which provides for large attics. Contain broad overhanging eaves and big porches. Roofs are generally set in a gable, hip, or clipped gable.

· Suburban Ranch: Can be rectangular, L-shaped, or U-shaped in design. Horizontal appearance. Windows are typically large double-hung, sliding, or picture. Modern ranches contain newly engineered metal casement windows. Contains a low pitched gable roof with deep set eaves. Attached garage.

· Raised Ranch: Same house plan as a suburban ranch but with an added upper level. This style is also referred to as “Split Level.” Split levels were created to accommodate to the separation of living space from activity rooms.

· Four Square: Two-story home that contains four square rooms above three square rooms and an entrance hall. Stairs are tucked to the side on the first floor. Cubical shaped. Generally has crafty detailing. Contains a wide front porch and sometimes a small dormer on the second floor.

· Side Hall Plan: Common building material for these houses is wood frame construction or masonry. Can be 1? to 2? stories high. Gable-front design. Characterized with corner pilasters, railings, columns, porches, sidelights, and a broad door frame.

· Saltbox: This house style maintains symmetry. Generally the design omits detailing. Contains a flat front and steeply sloped rear roof line. They are usually built from wood and have shutters. Fireplaces are common.

· Shotgun: This house style is typically long and narrow with a gable-ended entrance, one-room wide, and two or three rooms deep. Contains front to back alignment. Suited for hot climates due to the front and back door alignment. Often considered an African American house design and commonly found in southern states.

· I House: Has its origins in 16th century England. Two stories high, gable roofed house, only one room deep, at least two rooms wide and often contains a one story rear addition.

Houses around the World

Ondol (Heated Floor during Winer) Suwon, Korea

Ondol is the traditional under floor heating system which has been used in Korean peninsula where the winter is very severe. The heat from the stove in the kitchen goes through the pathway under the floor. They used to use the firewood or straw for the stove. The entrance of the house is made smaller to prevent cold air coming into tht house. They sleep on the warm floor with the mat and they do not need to wear room shoes. In the modern Korean house, Ondol is still used by hot water instead.

Gel South Gobi Desert, Mongolia

Gel is the Mongolian transferable nomad house. They move the house when their domestic animals have eaten the grass in that area. The main 2 poles in the center support the house with the framework. They cover the framework with the white cloth filled with wool and hair of the domestic animals. In the center, they place the stove and the ceiling can be opened for the smoke. During the severe winter, they make double cover on the ceiling.

Stone Houses of Miao Tribe Guizhou, China

In Miao village, the houses are built with stones. There are many lime stone caves in this area. The topographical feature here is called `Karst' where the stones contain a lot of calcium carbonate.

Complex Houses of Hakka Fanmily Fujian, China

In dry Fujian area, the houses are built with the hard solid soil walls. The houses were built about 300 years ago. Hakka family was moving from the Yellow River area in 12 th to 13 th century. They build the many town houses surrounded by the hard walls to protect from the outsiders. The houses are 4-storied and hundreds of people are living together. One townhouse is for the whole family who has the same last name. The other family or not Hakka family are not allowed to live.

Tree House of Bagobo Tribe Mindanao Island, Philippines

The people in the south of Philippines used to live in the tree houses. From the tree houses, they could find the enemies, the poisonous snakes and wild animals. They also could get the cooler and drier air. The houses are needed to rebuild as the trees grow. The tree houses are now used for the meeting and resting.

Houses on the Water Sabah, Malaysia

The fishermen in Saba of Borneo Island live on the water. In the water village, there are so many houses still now. They use the timber of mangrove tree which has the durability against the sea water to build the water house. The water houses are officially issued the addresses and the family registrations.

House of Lafu Tribe Norhern Region, Thailand

In the Village of Lahu Tribe, nearly 5,000 people live in the houses on the steep land 1,000 meters above sea level. The floor of the house is 2 meters high and under the floor, they keep cow, pigs and chicken. They made house with the wood panels crossing each other.

Sun Dried Brick House of Berber Tribe Merzouga, Sahara Desert, Morocco

In southern part of Morocco, the houses are made of the bricks. They mix some water with clayey soil and put them into the mold to dry under the Sun. They use the clay to paste bricks one by one and then, paste the clay over the bricks to build the house. The bricks can keep the room temperature at comfortable level, even the outside temperature is changing drastically during a day. However, the houses are not strong for earthquake.

Anuak Tribe Village Omo Valley, Ethiopia

Anuak people are living in northwest part of Omo valley. They build their own houses by family and gather in the village. In the center of the village, they grind corn into flour to cook rice porridge.

Nomad Dome-shaped House of Atr Tribe Eritrea

Afar people are nomad living in Great Rift Valley. Their house is called Bulla which is transferable compact dome shaped house. The house is made of straw which is easy to carry.

Old Town Sana'a, Yemen

The name of this building means rock castle which was build in 1930. This tall building is made of bricks and painted white on the window frames. The bricks are made from the mixture of clay, soil and straw which could be kept for over 500 years.

Ndebele Tribe Doorway South Africa

Ndebele women paint colorfully with the original geometrical pattern on the wall of their houses. These beautiful patterns of paintings are their own expression and handed down from a mother to a daughter. They have a keen artistic sense of beauty which shows in their traditional cloths as well.

Reed Houses of Uros Tribe Titicaca Lake, Peru

Lake Titicaca is nearly 400 meters above sea level. About 2,000 Uros people live on about 50 artificial reed Islands made of floating reeds in the lake. They make living by fishing and tourism. The island, boats and houses are all made of reed. They have to pile fresh reed over them every several months as the old reed is decaying. They started to live in this way as they escaped from Spanish army about 500 years ago.

Tepee (Native American's Tent) Alberta, Canada

Tepees are the transferable cone shaped house of Native American who move to live for hunting. When they move, they carry the poles on the horses. The house is 3.5 to 5.5 meters high and there is the exhaust pipe in the center of the house. The house is covered by buffalo hide. In these days, they use campus cloth instead. They only use them when the festival is held.

Wooden Frame Houses Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

house cottage bungalow colonial

The wooden frame houses are very popular in Germany. They use the bricks for the wall and paint over the bricks which become very strong and last for hundreds of years. The wooden frames make them possible to have many windows.

White Houses Santorin Island, Greece

The entrance of the Island is fully filled with the white house's on the cliff. The Island used to be an active volcano and the eruption around 1500 B.C. created this unique shape of the Island.

Cueba (Underground Houses) Andalucia, Spain

In Andulucia of south Spain, the underground house, `Cueba' could keep cool inside even it is over 40 degrees outside and keep inside warm during the winter.

Sami (Lap Tribe) House Rovaniemi, Finland

Sami people of North Norway are nomad and they move their houses in summer and in winter. In their winter houses which are made of wood and clay, they use fire to keep them warm. In summer, they live in transferable houses looks like the ones of Native American.

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